Pakistan and Nuclear Plants中国将助巴基斯坦新建核电站 巴基斯坦, 核电站, 时代

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中国将助巴基斯坦新建核电站 China to Help Pakistan Build Nuclear Plants

　　

　　Oct 18th 2008 | ISLAMABAD
　　From Time Online
　　Jackson/译
　　TianYe/审校
　　　　
　　巴基斯坦周六宣称,中国将再次援助其兴建2座核电站,以抗衡美印近日达成的核合作协议.
　　　　
　　巴外长库雷希（Shah Mehmood Qureshi）还说，这只是总统扎尔达里（Asif Ali Zardari）在刚结束的访华行程中与中国政府签订的12条协议中的一条。
　　　　
　　尽管库雷希并没透露更多的细节，但可以肯定地是，这又深化了这个与华盛顿政府在反恐问题上一直针锋相对的国家与中国的联系。
　　　　
　　包括助理国务卿包润石（Richard Boucher）在内的美国官员一行于周六抵达伊斯兰堡（巴基斯坦首都）与巴方进行谈判，拒绝了其提出的要在核问题上与印度获得平等权利的要求。
　　　　
　　库雷希说“只有北京政府才真正了解巴基斯坦的诉求。同时，中国也敢于在国际论坛上公开反对美印对核问题的歧视性政策。”
　　
　　自九月从亲美派首领穆沙拉夫手中接过总统宝座后，扎尔达里的第一次北京之行便得到了中国最高领导人的接待。
　　　　
　　中国，这个巴基斯坦的主要投资商和武器供应商，已经援助其在距首都伊斯兰堡西南约125英里的恰希玛（Chashma）建成了一座核电站。同时，在建的第二座核电站也将于2011年竣工。
　　　　
　　刚刚签署的恰希玛三号和恰希玛四号反应堆将会给巴提供680兆瓦的发电量，库雷希说。
　　　　
　　但他并没有指明具体的开工日期和中国将会提供援助的形式。
　　　　
　　同时，对于如何防止建设电站的核原料被用来制造武器，也没被提及。此前在国际原子能机构的监视下，巴基斯坦已经拥有了几座民用的核反应堆。
　　　　
　　由于曾经有过核扩散记录，巴的核计划始终令华府头痛。
　　　　
　　1998年，为了回击印度的核武测试，巴基斯坦进行了他的第一次核爆，随之受到了国际社会制裁。
　　　　
　　9.11后，由于穆沙拉夫同意协助美国追捕基地恐怖分子，国际社会取消了对巴的制裁。
　　　　
　　但2004年，巴基斯图核专家卡迪尔汗向伊朗、利比亚和朝鲜出售核技术一事的败露，使其成为核不扩散国的希望化为了泡影。
　　　　
　　新的美印合约允许美国的公司向印度出售核原料、技术及反应堆，而印度也必须确保核安全并接受联合国对其民用核设施（非军用）的监督。
　　　　
　　包润（Boucher）在本月早些时候的采访中说,与印度所签订的协议是“特殊”的，相同的条款对于巴基斯坦来说，谈都没得谈。
　　　　
　　他还说，对于一个经济发展受到煤电资源短缺所拖累的国家，美国愿意帮助其开发煤炭储备，扩建水电资源以及在阿拉伯海岸建立风力发电设施。
　　　　
　　巴基斯坦，这个伊斯兰世界中唯一掌握了核武技术的国家，早在1972年便在加拿大的援助下在南部港口城市卡拉奇建成了他的第一座核电站。
　　　　
　　(ISLAMABAD, Pakistan) — Pakistan said Saturday that China will help it build two more nuclear power plants, offsetting Pakistani frustration over a recent nuclear deal between archrival India and the United States.

The agreement with China was among 12 accords signed during Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari's recent visit to Beijing, said Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi.

While Qureshi gave few details, the accord deepens Pakistan's long-standing ties with China at a time when its relations with Washington are strained over the dragging war against terrorism.

U.S. officials including Assistant Secretary of State Richard Boucher, who arrived in Islamabad on Saturday for talks, have rejected Pakistani calls for equal treatment with India on nuclear power.

Chinese leaders "do recognize Pakistan's need, and China is one country that at international forums has clearly spoken against the discriminatory nature of that understanding" between Washington and New Delhi, Qureshi said.

Zardari met with China's top leaders during his first official trip to Beijing since replacing stalwart U.S. ally Pervez Musharraf as president in September.

China, a major investor and arms supplier for Pakistan, has already helped it build a nuclear power plant at Chashma, about 125 miles southwest of the capital, Islamabad. Work on a second nuclear plant is in progress and is expected to be completed in 2011.

Qureshi said the Chashma III and Chashma IV reactors would provide Pakistan with an additional 680 megawatts of generating capacity.

He didn't say when they would be built or what assistance China would provide.

Nor did he discuss any measures to prevent nuclear materials from the new plants from being diverted to Pakistan's atomic weapons program. Pakistan has placed several other civilian reactors under International Atomic Energy Authority safeguards.

Pakistan's nuclear program remains a sore topic with Washington because of its past record of proliferation.

International sanctions were slapped on Pakistan after it detonated its first nuclear charges in 1998 in response to similar tests by India.

The sanctions were eased after Musharraf agreed to help Washington hunt down al-Qaeda terrorists responsible for the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks in the United States.

But the revelation in 2004 that the architect of Islamabad's nuclear program, Abdul Qadeer Khan, had passed nuclear secrets to Iran, Libya and North Korea set back Pakistan's hopes of becoming a trusted member of the world's exclusive nuclear club.

The U.S.-India deal allows American businesses to sell nuclear fuel, technology and reactors to India in exchange for safeguards and U.N. inspections of India's civilian — but not military — nuclear plants.

Boucher told reporters earlier this month that the pact with India was "unique" and that a similar agreement with Pakistan was "just not on the table."

He said Washington would help Pakistan — where chronic power shortages are contributing to a gathering economic crisis — develop its huge coal reserves, expand hydroelectric power generation and build wind farms on its Arabian Sea coast.

Pakistan, the Islamic world's only known nuclear weapons state, began operating its first nuclear power station with Canadian assistance near the southern port city of Karachi in 1972.