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瓢虫 Ladybug

Ladybug
瓢虫


Ladybug

中文介绍:
瓢虫
中文名称:瓢虫
  拉丁学名:Coccinellidae
  英文名称:ladybird(又称ladybug)
  别名:红娘、金龟、金龟子、臭龟子
  科学分类
  动物界 Animalia
  节肢动物门 Arthropoda
  昆虫纲 Insecta
  内翅总目 Endopterygota
  鞘翅目 Coleoptera
  多食亚目 Polyphaga
  扁虫总科 Cucujoidea
  瓢甲科 Coccinellidae Latreille, 1807
简介
  瓢虫为鞘翅目瓢虫科圆形突起的甲虫的通称,是体色鲜艳的小型昆虫,常具红、黑或黄色斑点。英文名ladybirds里的“lady”一般被认为是暗指在天主教信仰中的圣母玛利亚。全世界有超过5,000种以上的瓢虫,其中450种以上栖息于北美洲。
  身体像半个圆球、生有漂亮色斑的昆虫。有吃植物的有害瓢虫,如马铃薯虫;也有捕食小虫的有益瓢虫,如能捕食柑橘的主要害虫的大红瓢虫。瓢虫的头很小,头的一部分常常隐藏在前胸背板下面。生有一对较大的复眼和一对像小棍一样的触角。现在人们常用瓢虫来防治为害农作物的蚜虫。七星瓢虫、小红瓢虫和异色瓢虫都是捕食蚜虫和介壳虫的益虫。
  瓢虫科与鞘翅目其他各科的主要不同点
  ①典型的跗节为隐四节类,第2节宽大,第3节特别细小,第4节特别细长,第3、4节连成一体,细长,称附爪端节,自第2节的凹陷或分裂中伸出;一些种类第3节退化或与第4节愈合,因而附爪端节仅有1节;但在 4节瓢虫亚科中,附节的第2节不特别宽大,第3节不特别细小,第4节不特别细长,构成4节式;
  ②可见的第1腹板在基节窝之后有后基线,仅少数属不具此特征;
  ③下鄂须末节斧状,两侧向末端扩大,或两侧相互平行;如果两侧向末端收窄,则至少前端减薄而且平截;但小艳瓢虫亚科的下颚须末节锥形、长锥形、卵形或圆筒形而向末端缩小。
  大多数瓢虫同时具有上述3个特征。仅有少数类群只具备其中的两个特征。
外形特征
  形似半个圆球,一般8∼10毫米(0.3∼0.4吋)长。足短,色鲜艳,具黑、黄或红色斑点。鞘翅颜色和斑点数因种类而异,九星瓢虫(Coccinellanovemnotata)的图案是在橘红鞘翅上各有4个黑斑点,以及各有半个斑点,这是典型的瓢虫颜色图案。
生活环境
  和所有的野生动物一样,瓢虫不会象人类那样拥有一个可以庇护的住宅。他们只能坚强地忍受各种恶劣的气候,有时他们会藏身于树叶之下,把它作为挡风遮雨的保护伞。
  对于昆虫来说,一滴雨水有多种含义。如果他们想饮水,那么雨滴就相当于水池,一个看不见底的巨大水杯。当然对于蚜虫来说,雨滴更显得其大无比。而水滴表面的张力也可以使小昆虫象陷入沼泽地一样无法自拔。





异色瓢虫 Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)



英文介绍 Ladybug Profile:
Many people are fond of ladybugs because of their colorful, spotted appearance. But farmers love them for their appetite. Most ladybugs voraciously consume plant-eating insects, such as aphids, and in doing so they help to protect crops. Ladybugs lay hundreds of eggs in the colonies of aphids and other plant-eating pests. When they hatch, the ladybug larvae immediately begin to feed. By the end of its three-to-six-week life, a ladybug may eat some 5,000 aphids.

Ladybugs are also called lady beetles or, in Europe, ladybird beetles. There are about 5,000 different species of these insects, and not all of them have the same appetites. A few ladybugs prey not on plant-eaters but on plants. The Mexican bean beetle and the squash beetle are destructive pests that prey upon the crops mentioned in their names.

Ladybugs appear as half-spheres, tiny, spotted, round or oval-shaped domes. They have short legs and antennae.

Their distinctive spots and attractive colors are meant to make them unappealing to predators. Ladybugs can secrete a fluid from joints in their legs which gives them a foul taste. Their coloring is likely a reminder to any animals that have tried to eat their kind before: "I taste awful." A threatened ladybug may both play dead and secrete the unappetizing substance to protect itself.






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六条瓢虫



龟纹瓢虫


龟纹瓢虫-4斑型
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