But the early euphoria faded as Castro and the United States became locked in a Cold War showdown and he allied with the Soviet Union, imposing communism on Cuba
The bitterness generated in those early years never went away as Castro opponents fled to Miami, unsuccessfully plotted his demise and waited in vain for the long-standing US trade embargo against the island to topple him
"History will absolve me," Castro said in a famous 1953 courtroom speech as Batista tried to end his rebellion by jailing him, but there is little agreement on his legacy
As the 50th anniversary of the revolution approaches and the government prepares modest celebrations for next week, Cubans are divided on whether it has all been worth it