北韩大叛逃 Escape From North Korea

千回百转自由路
Defection is daunting. So is starting a new, free life.
严寒的11月天紧扣着中国延吉市一栋破旧公寓大楼的窗子,北韩的边界就在16公里外。往上走了三层楼后,脚步声在门前停了下来。听到声音,两名年轻女子赶紧躲进内室,并缩在墙边。接着传来了敲门声。从北韩叛逃出来的两人低下头,并做了最坏的打算。假如中国警方发现她们没有身分证,她们就会被戴上手铐及脚镣遣返。回到北韩后,她们将在集中营接受好几年的劳改。
A frigid November day pressed against the windows of a shabby apartment building in the Chinese city of Yanji, ten miles from the North Korean border. Three stories up, footsteps stopped outside a door. At the sound, two young women hurried to a back room and shrank against a wall. Then came a knock. The women, defectors from North Korea, bowed their heads, expecting the worst. If the Chinese police found them without identity cards, they would be deported in handcuffs and chains. Back in North Korea, they would be sentenced to years of hard labor in a prison camp.
她们之前的老板是一位经营网络色情业的韩裔中国人,他也在寻找她们。过去一年来,小红和小白(这是我在笔记本里给她们取的化名,以免被警察抓到)都被关在房间里,就跟犯人没两样。她们被迫发出淫声浪语,并且在镜头前宽衣解带给南韩的在线顾客看。就在前一晚,基督教的传教士帮助她们逃走,并把她们带到了这个藏身之处。
Their former boss, the Korean-Chinese owner of an Internet sex operation, was hunting them as well. For the past year Red and White (aliases I gave them in my notebook in case police stopped me) had been held in a room as virtual prisoners, forced to "talk dirty" and take off their clothes in front of a camera for online clients in South Korea. The night before, Christian missionaries had helped them escape and brought them to this safe house.
敲门声还在继续。有个男的喊道:「你们在吗?开门。」小白听出了那个声音,那是她们的一位救命恩人。她冲到门口,笨手笨脚地打开了门。一位清瘦的男子站在那里,带着尴尬的笑容,并拿着一个锅子和一袋米。「你们一定饿了。」女子鞠躬致意,带着他进厨房。不久后,房间里便充满了他们吱吱喳喳的讲话声。传教士还带来讯息:「随时准备离开。刚才电话来了。」
The knocking continued. A man called out, "Are you there? Open up." White recognized the voice: It came from one of their rescuers. She rushed to the door and fumbled it open. Standing there was a thin man with an awkward smile, holding up a cooker and a bag of rice. "You must be hungry." Bowing in greeting, the women led him into the kitchen. Soon the room filled with their chatter. The missionary also brought a message: "Be ready to leave soon. The call just came."
藏身在中国的北韩人大概有5万人,或许更多,他们多半躲藏在两国间长达1450公里的偏远边界附近的城市和村落里。还有数目不详的人则是来中国几个月,然后带着食物与钱又溜回北韩。但有许多人留了下来,因为他们无法或不愿意回到残酷的祖国。他们只有两种冒险的选择:一直躲藏,并经常遭到雇主的剥削与囚禁;或是走秘密通道奔向新生,那是一段靠徒步、车辆和火车横越中国及东南亚的危险旅程。面对检查站、告密者和危险地形的重重阻碍,无数的叛逃者被抓了。但在一小群人道主义者以及收费在3000美元以上的走私客协助下,大约有1万5000人已经抵达安全地带,他们最常去的地方就是南韩。在那里,饱受创伤又无一技之长的他们面临最艰巨的挑战:重新开始。
Some 50,000 North Koreans, and possibly many more, are hiding in China, most in cities and villages along the remote 900-mile-long border between the two countries. Uncounted others have come for a few months and then slipped back to North Korea with food and money. Yet many stay on, unable or unwilling to return to their cruel homeland. They are left with two desperate choices: Keep hiding—often as prisoners of exploitative employers—or embark on the Asian underground railroad, a perilous journey by foot, vehicle, and train across China and Southeast Asia. Confronted with an obstacle course of checkpoints, informants, and treacherous terrain, numerous defectors have been caught. But aided by a small band of humanitarians and by smugglers charging $3,000 and up, some 15,000 have reached safe haven, most often in South Korea. There, traumatized and barely skilled, they face the most formidable challenge of all: starting over.
北韩人的逃亡潮始于1990年代中期,当时北韩爆发了惨重的饥荒。在受创最严重的地区,民众只能以植物的根、草、树皮充饥,超过250万人生命垂危。中国人最初公开援助不顾一切跨越边界的北韩民众,但后来在北韩政府的抗议下,中国便下达了禁令。警方定期突检街坊和村落,以搜查逃跑的北韩人,而他们则生活在遭到逮捕及遣返的恐惧下。在北韩,未经允许跨越边界可处以三到五年的集中营劳改,跟传教士或其它人勾结前往南韩则被视为叛国,违者会遭到禁食、凌虐,有时候还会被公开处死。人权组织和许多国家的领导人,尤其是美国和欧盟,敦促中国遵照国际协议把北韩人视为难民,因为他们一旦遭到遣返就会面临刑罚,符合难民的条件。但中国却坚持,叛逃者是非法的「经济移民」。在2008年奥运之前的几个月,中国当局变本加厉地逮捕叛逃者,一周就抓到并遣返了数十人,或许高达数百人。但北韩难民还是不断涌入。
The exodus from North Korea began in the mid-1990s as a devastating famine broke out across the country. In the worst hit areas, people were reduced to eating roots, grasses, and tree bark. More than 2.5 million people would perish. At first the Chinese openly aided the desperate border crossers. But following protests from the North Korean government, China cracked down. Police regularly raid neighborhoods and villages to ferret out North Korean runaways, who live in terror of being caught and deported. In North Korea, crossing the border without permission is punishable by three to five years in a prison labor camp, and conspiring with missionaries or others to reach South Korea is considered treason, with offenders starved, tortured, and sometimes publicly executed. Human rights organizations and various foreign leaders, particularly in the United States and the European Union, are urging China to honor its international agreements by treating the North Koreans as refugees, a status they're entitled to because of the punishments they face if deported. But China maintains that the defectors are illegal "economic migrants." In the months leading up to the 2008 Olympics, Chinese authorities intensified their efforts to apprehend defectors, capturing and deporting dozens, perhaps hundreds, a week. Yet they keep coming. |