十种动物自卫绝招 Animal Defense Mechanisms 马来西亚

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10 of the Most Bizarre Animal Defense Mechanisms
十种动物自卫绝招

自然界中的动物在遇到危险时都会有自己的防身办法。如果你仔细留意地球上最奇特的濒危动物的时，你会发现，有一些动物的自卫机制更加奇特：投弹手甲虫会对敌人喷射沸腾水雾，太平洋的八目鳗类鱼可利用粘液包裹敌人，而马来西亚的一种蚂蚁甚至会“自我爆炸”。

The frog that breaks its own legs and grows claws. The beetle that sprays a jet of boiling fluid at predators. The fish that engulfs its enemy in a thick casing of slime. The ant that explodes. These are just a few of the incredibly unusual ways animals have evolved to defend themselves against predators. If you enjoyed learning about the strangest endangered animals on earth, be prepared for even more oddities with this list of strange animal defense mechanisms. Don’t say you weren’t warned.

　　以下就是九种奇特的动物自卫绝招：

　　1.马来西亚爆炸蚂蚁 Malaysian exploding ant


马来西亚的爆炸蚂蚁

You know Malaysian ants - always exploding all over themselves, ruining the fun. All kidding aside, it’s really true. Malaysian ants internally combust under threat, causing their bodies to explode (they wait until their enemies are close enough to die before detonating). Camponotus saundersi soldier ants have large glands full of poison inside their bodies. When they sense a threat, they contract their abs, causing the glands on either side of their bodies to explode and spray poison.

　　马来西亚的Camponotus saundersi蚂蚁会自行爆炸。不是玩笑，这是真的。马来西亚的这种蚂蚁在面临威胁的时候，会等到敌人靠近时会引爆自己。这些蚂蚁的体内有一些装满毒气的巨大腺体。当它们感受到威胁时，它们就会收缩这些腺，导致腺体爆炸，喷出毒气。

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2.Sea cucumber 海参随机应“变”



　　为了自我防卫，海参可变化不同的身体形态，可以从固态变为液体。和其他棘皮类动物一样，海参的肌肤内有一种胶原质，能有效排出或者吸收更多水，在液态和固态之间转换。它们的身体能变身成糊状，挤入裂缝中，然后凝固成为几个小块，从而避免成为敌人口中的美餐。它不仅能把自己分散成几部分，然后复原，更绝的是它还有一种“翻出内脏”的本领，用消化道的毒液毒敌人。

The sea cucumber can literally take on different body states - from hard to liquid - in order to defend itself. From wikipedia: “Like other echinoderms the cuke has a type of collagen in its skin capable of excreting or absorbing more water effectively changing from a ‘liquid’ to a ’solid.’ They can turn their bodies into mush, climb through small cracks and then solidify into small lumps so that they cannot be extracted.” Even more amazing than effectively scattering yourself into pieces of your collective whole and then reassembling: the ability to turn yourself inside out so that your digestive tract’s toxic juices poison your enemies. Yeah, the sea cucumber can do that, too. Do not mess.

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3.Hagfish 八目鳗类鱼分泌粘液包裹天敌


八目鳗类鱼

　　太平洋的八目鳗类鱼自卫的方式有点让人作呕。遇到敌人袭击的时候，它的毛孔会分泌出令人窒息的纤维粘液，包住敌人。不幸的是，有时候，八目鳗类鱼会成为自己防卫机制的受害者。但通常情况下，它会把自己拧成几节，然后从粘液中逃脱。

The Pacific Ocean Hagfish has a disgusting way of defending itself. When under attack, it oozes a suffocating slime from its many pores that envelops its predator in a fatal mass of fibrous goo. The hagfish, unfortunately, sometimes falls prey to its own defense mechanism, but normally it twists itself into knots to escape the gelatinous goop.

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4.Hairy frog 多毛蛙断骨为刺


　　为了长出一对猫一样的爪子，多毛蛙会不惜折断自己的骨头。科学家们不知道刺穿皮肤长出来的爪子能否缩回。据《新科学家》杂志报道：“这类蛙能折断骨头长出爪子，遇到威胁时，爪子的尖端会刺穿脚趾肉垫凸现出来。”虽然，这种青蛙长着一身长毛，但是，喀麦隆当地人还是捕捕烧烤作为美味佳肴。

The hairy frog or “horror frog” intentionally breaks its own bones to turn out a wicked set of cat-like claws. Like Wolverwine, only slimy and a lot more terrifying because it’s a freaking frog. Scientists don’t know if the claw is able to retract once it pierces through the skin. According to New Scientist: “Trichobatrachus robustus actively breaks its own bones to produce claws that puncture their way out of the frog’s toe pads, probably when it is threatened.” Also, it is apparently hairy. This doesn’t stop Cameroon locals from spearing and roasting hairy frogs as a tasty snack.

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5.Bombardier beetle 投弹手甲虫喷射沸腾毒液




　　没什么比喷射脏兮兮的沸腾臭雾打招呼更让人头疼的了。这种投弹手甲虫可能看起来娇小可爱，没有多大威胁性，但是，它以朝可能的敌人喷射沸腾热水和有毒体液闻名。

Oh, there’s nothing like a pulsating jet of foul boiling anal fluid to say “Howdy, neighbor!” The bombardier beetle may look innocent enough, but it is famous for being able to spray boiling hot and chemically toxic bodily fluids in the direction of any would-be predator. The bombardier beetle doesn’t exactly melt in your mouth (but it will melt you).

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6.Horned lizard 有角蜥蜴向敌人喷射鲜血



　　美国西南部的这种有角蜥蜴表面上与普通蜥蜴无异。虽然有角，但是它并不使用角来自卫。在遇到危险时它压迫自己的穴腔，使得眼里的血管破裂，将鲜血喷向敌人。

The horned lizard is a seemingly normal looking lizard found in the southwest region of the United States. It doesn’t use its horns to defend itself, as you might expect. Rather, when attacked, it pressures its own sinus cavities until the blood vessels in its eyes burst, and it sprays its attacker with blood from its eyes.

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7.Skunk 臭鼬



　　抽鼬也叫臭猫，是一种很漂亮的小型哺乳动物，有人还把它们作为宠物饲养(当然是无腺的)。臭鼬是杂食动物，但是，如果没有捕到新的昆虫或者蜜蜂，以及它们最喜欢食物的话，它也会以垃圾和腐肉为食。虽然它们类似麝香的臭味能传好远，但是，它们的视力却极其弱，大多数臭鼬只能看到它们前面大约10英里。所以，很多臭鼬会跑过头，事实上，大约半数的臭鼬死亡是因为人类。鼬科成员(如鼬鼠和白鼬)都能喷射麝香，但是，臭鼬这一能力尤其有名。臭鼬的肛门腺分泌的麝香的威力非常大，如果被喷射中的话，会导致受害者经历短暂失明。

The skunk, or polecat, is actually an attractive little mammal and some people keep them as pets (sans glands, of course). Skunks are omnivores but will turn to trash and carrion when no fresh insects or honeybees, their favorite food, are available. Though their amazing musk can be smelled miles away, their vision is exceptionally weak, and most skunks can only see about 10 feet in front of them. As a result, many are run over - half of all skunk deaths, in fact, are due to humans. All Mustelidae family members (like weasels and ferrets) can spray musk, but skunks are famously the most potent. The skunk’s anal musk is so powerful that if sprayed directly, the victim will experience temporary blindness.

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8.Opossum 负鼠口吐泡沫装死




　　这种可爱的小动物自卫的本领很多。它会装死。它还能口吐泡沫让敌人误以为中毒、生病或者可能的“癫痫症”。它的肛门腺还分泌一种绿色的与臭鼬分泌物差不多的恶臭液体。还好，它能轻易洗掉。装死的负鼠实际上是处于一种半昏迷状态，以消除天敌的猎杀的兴奋感。

The cute little opossum has a number of tricks up its defensive sleeve. It can play dead. It can foam at the mouth in an attempt to convince its predators that it is toxic, sick or perhaps just bat sh*t insane. It can also emit a green anal fluid that smells nearly as bad as a skunk’s offensive spray (though mercifully it can easily be washed off). Opossums playing dead actually slip into a semi-comatose state, thus removing any excitement of the kill for a predator.

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9.Potato beetle 薯虫用粪便防身



　　和我们的小科莫多巨蜥一样，薯虫幼虫会用粪便覆盖其身以避免落为天敌的口中美味。但是，与科莫多巨蜥幼蜥不同的是，薯虫的粪便对敌人来说是有毒的。虽臭但有用！

Like our little friend the komodo dragon, potato beetle babies (larvae) cover themselves in their own poop to avoid being eaten. Unlike baby komodos, the potato beetle’s feces are actually poisonous to predators. Smelly but effective!

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10：Gecko 壁虎断尾求生