埃及女法老的庐山真面目 The King Herself 法老, 埃及

cnnas

The King Herself
国王她本人


为什么法老决定作为一个男人来统治埃及？(古老的埃及也有垂帘听政的故事)
Why did Hatshepsut decide to rule Egypt as a man?




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埃及女法老 The King Herself



埃及
女法老
女儿身
帝王心
她的指尖有一种诡异的动人之处。在她身体的其它每个地方，任何人类之美都已荡然无存。围在她脖子上的亚麻布，看起来就像一种荒腔走板的时尚。她那上唇盖住下唇的嘴巴，是一道恐怖的折痕（她的家族因为众多成员有咬合过度问题而闻名）。她眼窝里填满了不透光的黑色树脂，鼻孔则不雅地以卷得很紧的布料塞住。她的左耳陷进了头颅旁的肉里，头上则几乎一根毛发也没有。

There was something strangely touching about her fingertips. Everywhere else about her person all human grace had vanished. The raveled linen around her neck looked like a fashion statement gone horribly awry. Her mouth, with the upper lip shelved over the lower, was a gruesome crimp. (She came from a famous lineage of overbites.) Her eye sockets were packed with blind black resin, her nostrils unbecomingly plugged with tight rolls of cloth. Her left ear had sunk into the flesh on the side of her skull, and her head was almost completely without hair.


在开罗的埃及博物馆里，我把身子倾向打开的展示箱，凝视这具极有可能就是女法老哈特谢普苏特的尸体。这位不凡的女性于公元前1479至1458年间统治埃及，但她最有名的事迹并非在埃及第18王朝创造的黄金盛世，而是她有胆量以男人自居。空气中没有醉人的没药香气，只有一股刺鼻的酸味，似乎是她躺在石灰岩洞里的好几个世纪中产生的。实在很难把那个躺在那儿的东西跟远古时期那位伟大的统治者画上等号；根据记载，「仰望她比任何事物都还要美好。」唯一像人的地方就是她那没了指甲的指尖上发亮的骨骼；由于肌肉干缩，形成指甲经过修整的假象，令人不只想起我们最原始的虚荣心，还有我们脆弱的亲密关系、我们对于世界那稍纵即逝的短暂感知。
I leaned toward the open display case in Cairo's Egyptian Museum and gazed at what in all likelihood is the body of the female pharaoh Hatshepsut, the extraordinary woman who ruled Egypt from 1479 to 1458 B.C. and is famous today less for her reign during the golden age of Egypt's 18th dynasty than for having the audacity to portray herself as a man. There was no beguiling myrrh perfume in the air, only some sharp and sour smell that seemed minted during the many centuries she had spent in a limestone cave. It was hard to square this prostrate thing with the great ruler who lived so long ago and of whom it was written, "To look upon her was more beautiful than anything." The only human touch was in the bone shine of her nailless fingertips where the mummified flesh had shrunk back, creating the illusion of a manicure and evoking not just our primordial vanity but our tenuous intimacies, our brief and passing feel for the world.


两年前，哈特谢普苏特消失的木乃伊被发现的这件事上了新闻头条，但完整的故事呈现得很慢，一次只进展一点点，是一出较像《CSI犯罪现场》的法医学戏剧，而不像《法柜奇兵》。事实上，搜寻哈特谢普苏特的过程证明了考古学家传统工具箱内的小平铲和刷子，有多么需要计算机断层扫瞄仪与DNA自动温度梯度调控仪来补足。
The discovery of Hatshepsut's lost mummy made headlines two summers ago, but the full story unfolded slowly, in increments, a forensic drama more along the lines of CSI than Raiders of the Lost Ark. Indeed the search for Hatshepsut showed the extent to which the trowels and brushes of archaeology's traditional toolbox have been supplemented by CT scanners and DNA gradient thermocyclers.


1903年，著名考古学家霍华．卡特就已经在国王谷第20座被发现的KV20号墓穴内找到了哈特谢普苏特的石棺。这口石棺是哈特谢普苏特所准备的三口石棺之一，里头空无一物。学者不知道她木乃伊的下落，甚至不知道它有没有在除去她统治纪录的行动中逃过一劫。与她共同治国、最终继承王位的图特摩斯三世在位时，几乎所有呈现她君王之姿的图像都被有计划地从神殿、纪念碑和方尖碑上凿去。看似终于解开这个谜团的搜寻行动，是在2005年由埃及木乃伊研究计划主持人暨古文物最高委员会秘书长札希．哈瓦斯所发起的。哈瓦斯和一个科学家团队把注意力集中在一具他们称为KV60a的木乃伊上；这具木乃伊在超过一个世纪前就已经发现，但并未受到足够的重视，也就没有从国王谷里一座小型墓穴的底部移出。KV60a死后连一口棺材也没得躺，更别说是拥有为她执行王室例行杂务的随从小雕像了。她也没有任何东西可穿戴──没有头饰、没有珠宝、没有黄金凉鞋或黄金的脚趾套和手指套，没有任何为图坦卡门王所准备的那种珍宝，尽管跟哈特谢普苏特比起来，图坦卡门只是个微不足道的小王。
In 1903 the renowned archaeologist Howard Carter had found Hatshepsut's sarcophagus in the 20th tomb discovered in the Valley of the Kings—KV20. The sarcophagus, one of three Hatshepsut had prepared, was empty. Scholars did not know where her mummy was or whether it had even survived the campaign to eradicate the record of her rule during the reign of her co-regent and ultimate successor, Thutmose III, when almost all the images of her as king were systematically chiseled off temples, monuments, and obelisks. The search that seems to have finally solved the mystery was launched in 2005 by Zahi Hawass, head of the Egyptian Mummy Project and secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. Hawass and a team of scientists zeroed in on a mummy they called KV60a, which had been discovered more than a century earlier but wasn't thought significant enough to remove from the floor of a minor tomb in the Valley of the Kings. KV60a had been cruising eternity without even the hospitality of a coffin, much less a retinue of figurines to perform royal chores. She had nothing to wear, either—no headdress, no jewelry, no gold sandals or gold toe and finger coverings, none of the treasures that had been provided the pharaoh Tutankhamun, who was a pip-squeak of a king compared with Hatshepsut.




















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