Soul of Russia
俄罗斯正教复兴
经历了75年的地下秘密活动,现在俄罗斯沙皇的信仰者终于可以享受最惠国待遇了。
Driven underground for 75 years, the faith of the Russian tsars now enjoys favored status.
大风车带你看精彩的世界
俄罗斯正教复兴

俄罗斯灵魂再现 Soul of Russia
驶离莫斯科愈来愈远以后,俄罗斯崭新的景象也逐渐消失。近年来在繁华的荣景下出现的塞车、污染,还有杂乱巨大的购物中心与广告广告牌等景象,逐渐被苏联时代暗淡的郊区及老旧的工厂所取代。然后这些景象又消失在高大的松林与桦树林之间,只剩偶尔出现的草地,以及由木屋聚集而成的古老村庄。在地平在线,不时可以看到一座漆着鲜艳色彩的教堂尖塔,镀金的圆顶在明亮的春日下闪闪发光。我们回到俄罗斯的偏远内陆,也是崇尚斯拉夫文化的民众、流亡者和画家所钟爱的俄罗斯深处,准备前往它最核心的地区。
The new Russia steadily ebbs away on the drive out of Moscow. The gridlock and pollution, the sprawling malls and billboards of the recent boom years give way to the gray suburbs and rusting factories of the Soviet era. These in turn fade into tall forests of pine and birch, punctuated by meadows and timeless villages of log houses. Now and again a whimsically painted steeple breaks the horizon, its gilded cupola glittering in the bright spring sun. We're back in the glubinka, the "deep" Russia beloved of Slavophiles, exiles, and painters. And we're headed for its very heart.
我们的目的地是俄罗斯最古老的城市之一——莫隆。莫隆横跨在奥喀河左岸的七座山丘上,在中世纪时曾是负责保卫俄罗斯东缘的卓越岗哨。在俄罗斯帝国持续扩张后,这里沦为贫苦城镇,但却仍有许多修道院、回忆与神话。苏联统治者曾经试图压制这一切,但今日的俄罗斯想寻回的正是它的过去,而这也包括我的过去。
Our destination is Murom, among the most ancient of Russian cities. Arrayed on seven hills along the left bank of the Oka River, Murom was a proud sentinel on the eastern periphery of ancient Rus in medieval times, before the empire stretched on, leaving behind a poor provincial town rich in monasteries, memories, and myths. Soviet rulers tried to suppress many of these, and part of the story of Russia today is the effort to reconnect with the past. Out here, part of that past is also mine.
四个世纪以前,有一位信仰虔诚的年轻妇女茱莉安娜‧奥瑟琳来到这里,当时她有一个「出身良好、富裕的丈夫」。但她的人生却相当坎坷——丈夫经年出征、生了13名子女(其中有8名死亡),还历经了史上所谓「混乱时期」的饥荒、瘟疫、外族入侵和盗匪横行;但她仍然保持宽容、虔诚的心境。在1604年过世后,俄罗斯正教会按照她在莫隆城外居住的村落名称,加封她为「拉扎瑞窝的圣茱莉安娜」。加封她的用意在于说服惊慌绝望的民众,在住宅和家庭里也可以达到神圣的境界,不一定要逃到修道院去。我母亲茱莉安娜‧欧瑟昆正是她的直系后裔,而且是以她的名字来命名的。
Four centuries ago, a pious young woman arrived here as the wife of a "husband of good birth and prosperous." Despite a life of extraordinary trials—a husband ever away at war, the birth of 13 children and the death of 8, the famines, plagues, invasions, and banditry of what history calls the Time of Troubles—Juliana Osorin remained steadfast in her charity and faith. After her death in 1604 she was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church as St. Juliana of Lazarevo, after the village outside Murom where she lived. Her canonization was intended to persuade a people in panic and despair that holiness could be achieved in the home and family, not only through escape to a monastery. My mother, born Juliana Ossorguine, is her direct descendant and namesake.
以前,在俄罗斯力图摆脱另一个混乱年代时,我曾经来过莫隆。那时正值1992年3月,奥喀河上的冰已经开始融化,处处都展现着从头开始的新意。在1980年代、苏联时代的最后几年,我曾经担任《纽约时报》莫斯科分社社长一职,那次回去是为了报导共产主义统治时代的结束及新俄罗斯的诞生。
I had been to Murom before, when Russia was emerging from another time of troubles. It was March 1992. The ice on the Oka was melting, and everywhere there was a sense of new beginnings. I had been the New York Times bureau chief in Moscow during the last years of the Soviet state, in the 1980s, and I was back to report on the collapse of communist rule and the rise of a new Russia.
当时的俄罗斯正处于一个令人眼花撩乱的混乱时代,充满迷惑,对民主、经济自由,以及或许最重要的精神复苏,满怀着希望。俄罗斯正教会从苏联时代留下的灰烬里复兴,数百万的俄罗斯人争相到教堂受洗。他们对于这件奥迹在宗教上的重要意义,大多只是模糊地了解,但却渴望找回共产党75年来努力抹杀的过去与身分认同。
It was a giddy and chaotic period, a time of confusion and great hopes—for democracy, economic freedom, and perhaps most of all, for spiritual revival. The Russian Orthodox Church was rising everywhere from the ashes of the Soviet era, and millions of Russians were rushing to be baptized. Most were only dimly aware of the religious significance of the sacrament but eager to reclaim a past and an identity that the communists had for 75 years worked to erase.
有数千座遭毁的教堂,包括苏联时期当作仓库、工厂或谷仓使用的教堂,都已重新修建,恢复原有的功能,最终并回复到原来的辉煌。1931年斯大林下令摧毁的救世主大教堂,在莫斯科河岸旁重新修建。在苏联时代化明为暗的信徒重见天日,开始积极地建立教区、孤儿院、中途之家与学校。数千名男子被任命为教士,另外还有数千名男女发下修道的誓愿,渴望寻回引导他们的信仰。
Thousands of ruined churches—including those the Soviets had used as warehouses, factories, or barns—were being restored to their original function, and eventually to their former splendor. The monumental Cathedral of Christ the Savior, destroyed on Stalin's orders in 1931, rose anew on the banks of the Moscow River. Believers who had gone underground during Soviet times emerged and began energetically establishing parishes, orphanages, halfway houses, and schools. Thousands of men were ordained to the priesthood, and thousands more—men and women—took monastic vows, all yearning to recover a guiding faith.
这里有更多的资讯:
世界各地庆新年 Ringing in the New Year around the world
你所不知道的美国总统 Inside the Presidency
沃尔特镜头下的运动员 Walter Iooss' 'Athlete'
失踪金字塔被发现 (Vedio)
智利才藤火山爆发
看看真正的雪莲长什么样
黄金的代价 The Real Price of Gold
丛林里的菲德尔卡斯特罗 Fidel Castro in the Jungle
赫夫纳的新双胞胎女朋友们 Hugh's new girlfriends
国家地理杂志浏览最多的新闻 Most Viewed of 2008
National Geographic 国家地理杂志图片集锦
中东危机系列报道 Crisis in Gaza |