动物世界里的伪装高手 Animal Disguises 动物世界

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Animal Disguises
动物世界里的伪装高手

1. 叶虫 Leaf Insects




Going under the scientific code name of Phylliidae, leaf insects pretend to be leaves in every way imaginable -- just to fool predators. The insects rock back and forth when they walk to appear like a leaf blowing in the wind. Some even have fake bite marks on the edge of their bodies.

叶虫的学名叫“Phylliidae”，无论怎么看，它们都像是一片叶子，如此长相自然可在捕食者面前瞒天过海。在爬行时，叶虫会来回摇晃身体，看起来就像是被风吹起的树叶。而更令人不可思议的是，一些叶虫居然在身体边缘“伪造”被咬过的咬痕，从而达到迷惑敌人的目的。

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2. 比目鱼 Flatfish

　　如果参与选美大赛的话，比目鱼一定是大败而归，因为它们的身体根本就不对称，缺少足够的美感。然而，这种不对称却可以帮助它们幸存下来，方式就是在海底进行伪装。在这种伪装下，过路的捕食者往往对它们视而不见。此外，一些比目鱼还能够改变体色，让伪装行为如虎添翼。


Although the flatfish isn't poised to win a beauty pageant any time soon, its odd asymmetrical body helps it survive by camouflaging it against the ocean floor. This ensures that the fish is overlooked by hungry passerbys. Some species are able to change their pigmentation.

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3. 石鱼 Stonefish

You might not want to pick this fellow out of a crowd. The appropriately named Stonefish happens to be one of the most venomous underwater species. It carries toxins that can cause shock, paralysis and even death. For those who like to tempt fate, Stonefish are sometimes kept as aquarium pets and served as sushi.

　　石鱼的伪装能力令人叹服，就像是一块会动的石头。它们是毒性最大的水下动物之一，其所携带的毒素能够导致休克、瘫痪甚至死亡。因此，很多人决不会轻易与它们亲密接触。但对于那些喜欢冒险的人来说，石鱼也会成为鱼缸中的宠物或者用来做寿司。

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4. 乌贼 Cuttlefish



　　乌贼被誉为海洋世界的变色龙，它们能够迅速改变皮肤颜色，让敌人难觅踪影。乌贼的变色能力归功于体内的色素细胞和反光细胞，它们能够帮助乌贼形成所希望的颜色。如果变色之后仍被敌人发现，它们则会像章鱼一样喷出墨液，并在墨液掩护下逃生。

Considered chameleons of the sea, cuttlefish can quickly change their skin color to appear invisible to enemies. The fish's color-changing power is generated by pigmented, light-reflecting cells that synchronize to create desired patterns. If all else fails, the species can also squirt ink, like octopuses.

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5. 蝠鲼 Manta Rays


　　蝠鲼是一种食底泥鱼，对它们来说，在海底上演伪装术是非常容易的事情。蝠鲼最大的敌人是鲨鱼和虎鲸。

Manta Rays are bottom feeders, so naturally it's easy for them to camouflage themselves on the ocean floor. Their biggest threats are sharks and orcas.

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6. 竹节虫 Walking Sticks


　　一些动物利用伪装术避开捕食者的爪牙，印度的竹节虫尤其擅长这种欺骗本领。除此之外，它们还有另一个不可思议的本事——虽然都是“女儿身”，但它们不用雄性“帮忙”，便可独立完成生儿育女的重任。
Some animals use camouflage to hide from predators. One species from India prefers just to be left alone. Indian walking sticks are all female and are able to reproduce without males.

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7. 树螽 Katydids



　　拥有长长触角的树螽是蝗虫家族的一员，由于惊人的伪装本领，我们可能很难见到它们的庐山真面目，但这并不意味着我们听不到它们的声音。树螽经常在夜晚“歌唱”和发出唧唧声，用以吸引异性注意。一些人认为，雌树螽的唧唧声听起来像“Katey did, katey didn't”，但这种叫声究竟是什么意思，恐怕只有它们自己知道。


This member of the long-horned grasshopper family might not like to be seen, but it doesn't mind being heard. Katydids often sing and chirp in the evenings to attract the opposite sex. Some think the chirp of the females sounds like "Katey did, katey didn't" -- but who can really say?

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8. 叶海龙 Leafy Sea Dragon



　　虽然不像其它神秘海洋动物那样难觅踪影，但亲眼见到这种特殊海龙的人却变得越来越少了。由于环境污染和工业废物流入海洋，叶海龙已濒于灭绝。实际上，叶海龙并不是唯一一种看上去像飘浮的海草的海龙，草海龙也是这样的伪装高手，它们长有类似海草的鳍。


Although not as hard to spot as other mythical sea creatures, sightings of this particular sea dragon have become increasingly rare. The species has become endangered as a result of pollution and industrial runoff. The dragon isn't the only one that can seemingly become one with floating seaweed. A related species called the weedy sea dragon grows weed-like fins.

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9. 杜父鱼 Sculpins

Sculpins like to hide, and are better off left alone anyway. They have sharp spines and can inflict painful stings. Ouch!!
　　杜父鱼喜欢将自己隐藏起来，更擅长悄无声息地撤离，给对手来一个措手不及。它们拥有锋利突起的脊骨，能够充当武器，让对手饱受刺痛之苦