罗马城下的遗址 Ruins Under Rome

1：A Tunnel to the Past
Photograph by Stephen L. Alvarez

通向过去的隧道
由Stephen L. Alvarez 拍摄

Beneath the streets of Rome, Luca Antognoli, a member of the preservation group Roma Sotterranea, inspects the Cloaca Maxima, which dates from the sixth century B.C. and is still in use today. Ancient Romans dug channels to the Tiber to drain the areas between Rome's seven hills and later paved them over. Centuries of construction and detritus have buried the drains.

      在罗马Luca Antognoli街道下，隧道维修者 Roma Sotterranea在查看Maxima隧道。这条隧道起始于公元前6世纪，到现在仍在使用。罗马人的祖先把隧道挖到了台伯河，作为罗马七座大山间的排水道，后来又把它们铺平了。数世纪的结构以及碎屑已经损坏了这些排水道。




2：A City of Layers
Photograph by Stephen L. Alvarez

多层次的城市
由Stephen L. Alvarez拍摄

Past meets present in the lobby of the Radisson SAS Es. Hotel, where glass windows reveal modern offices above the remnants of a third- to fourth-century road, discovered during the hotel's construction. Throughout this 3,000-year-old city, building crews and home owners unearth ancient finds almost every day. To evaluate the finds—and to determine whether construction can continue—the city's financially strapped archaeology bureau relies heavily on a cooperative of archaeology graduate students who monitor as many as 20 sites at a time.

      在Radisson SAS Es.饭店，过去与现代相结合。这里的玻璃窗上映射着现代办公楼，下面却是建于三四世纪的的残余下的道路。这道路是在饭店修建时被发现的。在这座有3000年历史的城市里，建筑员，房主几乎每天都会发掘出古老的事物。为了要评估这些发现的价值以及决定是否要继续进行建筑，这座城市要在经济上支持考古机构。考古机构非常需要考古学专业毕业的学生的配合，他们一次会负责20个考古点。



3:The Monument Tourists Don't See
Photograph by Stephen L. Alvarez

旅行者没看见的纪念馆
由Stephen L. Alvarez拍摄


Archaeologist Cristiano Ranieri descends into a 2,000-year-old sewer that runs below the Colosseum. Three years ago Ranieri found another layer of drainage systems lying even farther below this sewer—a discovery that solved a mystery. Based on early written accounts, it was long suspected that ancient Romans flooded the Colosseum during its earliest years to re-create epic naval battles for public entertainment. But no one knew how such vast quantities of water got in or out. Ranieri says the Romans could have used this deeper, older, and much larger water system to flood and drain the great arena.
  
      考古学家Cristiano Ranieri在罗马圆形大剧场下面发现了有两千年历史的缝纫机。三年前Ranieri甚至发现了位置远低于缝纫机的排水系统的另外一层。这个发现解开了一个谜团。根据早先的记录，考古家一直就怀疑在早期时罗马人的祖先就涌进了罗马圆形大剧场，因这个公共娱乐场而发生了大规模的海军战争。Ranieri说罗马人可能利用这些处于更深，更旧并大得多的排水系统来淹没，抽干这个大竞技场。




4:Keeping Time
Photograph by Stephen L. Alvarez

停住时间
由StephenL.Alvarez拍摄

Dancers at Rome's trendy club Fake move within a mountain of historic trash. The club is built into the side of Monte Testaccio, a hill created by centuries of discarded pottery. Millions of amphorae—mainly used to hold olive oil imported from the provinces—were dumped at this site between the first and third centuries, eventually forming a mound more than a hundred feet (30 meters) high. Makers' seals can still be seen on many of the jar handles.

      在罗马流行俱乐部Fake，舞者们在一堆有历史的废弃建筑中跳舞。这个俱乐部位于Monte Testaccio德旁边，这里有一堆数世纪来被丢弃的陶瓷。数百万的油罐—－主要是用于保存从其他省进口的橄榄油—－被扔在这个修于一世纪到三世纪之间的地方，最终堆到了30多米高。在很多瓶子的手把上仍可看到制造商的标志。



5:All That Remains
Photograph by Stephen L. Alvarez

遗骸
由Stephen L. Alvarez拍摄

Haunting reminder of one woman's life, an inscribed skull rests with others in a hallway of the crypt below the church of Santa Maria dell'Orazione e Morte. Built in 1576, the church was the headquarters of the Society of a Good Death, which was dedicated to providing proper burials for the poor. Over a 300-year period, some 8,000 bodies were buried in the church's underground chambers, but most were destroyed during the construction of the Tiber River's embankment during the late 1800s.

      一个刻有文字的头骨与其他的头骨一起放在Santa Maria dell'Orazione e Morte教堂的地下室里，令人想起一个女人的生平经历。这座教堂建于1576年，是Good Death 组织的总机构，该组织主要致力于为穷人提供适当的葬礼服务。在300年间，有8000多人埋葬于这个教堂的地下室，但是很多尸骨在十七世纪后期的台伯河的筑堤过程中遭到破坏

Ruins Under Rome
罗马下的废墟

      通向过去的隧道
  由Stephen L. Alvarez 拍摄
  在罗马Luca Antognoli街道下，隧道维修者 Roma Sotterranea在查看Maxima隧道。这条隧道起始于公元前6世纪，到现在仍在使用。罗马人的祖先把隧道挖到了台伯河，作为罗马七座大山间的排水道，后来又把它们铺平了。数世纪的结构以及碎屑已经损坏了这些排水道。

    多层次的城市
    由Stephen L. Alvarez拍摄
    在Radisson SAS Es.饭店，过去与现代相结合。这里的玻璃窗上映射着现代办公楼，下面却是建于三四世纪的的残余下的道路。这道路是在饭店修建时被发现的。在这座有3000年历史的城市里，建筑员，房主几乎每天都会发掘出古老的事物。为了要评估这些发现的价值以及决定是否要继续进行建筑，这座城市要在经济上支持考古机构。考古机构非常需要考古学专业毕业的学生的配合，他们一次会负责20个考古点。

  旅行者没看见的纪念馆
  由Stephen L. Alvarez拍摄
  考古学家Cristiano Ranieri在罗马圆形大剧场下面发现了有两千年历史的缝纫机。三年前Ranieri甚至发现了位置远低于缝纫机的排水系统的另外一层。这个发现解释了一个谜团。根据早先的记录，考古家一直就怀疑在早期时罗马人的祖先就涌进了罗马圆形大剧场，因这个公共娱乐场而发生了大规模的海军战争。Ranieri说罗马人可能利用这些处于更深处，更旧并大的多的排水系统来淹没，抽干这个大竞技场。

    时间保留
  由StephenL.Alvarez拍摄
  在罗马流行俱乐部Fake，舞者们在一堆历史的垃圾中跳舞。这个俱乐部位于Monte Testaccio德旁边，这里有一堆数世纪来被丢弃的陶瓷。数百万的油罐—主要是用于保存从其他省进口的橄榄油—被扔在这个修于一世纪到三世纪之间的地方，最终堆到了30多米高
。在很多瓶子的把柄上仍可看到制造商的标志。

  所有残留的头骨
  由Stephen L. Alvarez拍摄
    一个雕刻的头骨与其他的头骨一起放在Santa Maria dell'Orazione e Morte教堂的地下室里，令人想起一个女人的一生。这座教堂建于1576年，是good death 组织的总机构，该组织主要致力于为穷人提供合适的坟墓。在300年间，有8000多人埋葬于这个教堂的地下室，但是很多尸骨在十七世纪后期的台伯河的筑堤过程中受到了损害。