秘鲁 马丘比丘 Peru Machu Picchu

Peru Machu Picchu
秘鲁 马丘比丘

马丘比丘位于现今的秘鲁(Peru)境内库斯科(Kuscow)西北130公里，整个遗址高耸在海拔约2350米的山脊上，俯瞰着乌鲁班巴河谷，为热带丛林所包围。
马丘比丘在奇楚亚语Quechua"古老的山"之义，也被称作"失落的印加城市"，是保存完好的前哥伦布时期的印加遗迹。马丘比丘是南美洲最重要的考古发掘中心，也因此是秘鲁最受欢迎的旅游景点。
绝佳的地理位置使马丘比丘成为了理想的军事要塞，它的位置也因此曾经是军事机密。
    由于独特的位置、地理特点和发现时间较晚(1911年)，马丘比丘成了印加帝国最为人所熟悉的标志。在1983年，马丘比丘被联合国教科文组织定为世界遗产，是世界上为数不多的文化与自然双重遗产之一。但与此同时，马丘比丘也面临着遭受旅游业破坏的担忧。

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Machu Picchu (Quechua: Machu Picchu, "Old mountain") is a pre-Columbian Inca site located 2,400 meters (7,875 ft) above sea level. It is situated on a mountain ridge above the Urubamba Valley in Peru, which is 80 km (50 mi) northwest of Cusco. Often referred to as "The Lost City of the Incas", Machu Picchu is probably the most familiar symbol of the Inca Empire. It was built around the year 1450, but abandoned a hundred years later, at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. Forgotten for centuries, the site was brought to worldwide attention in 1911 by Hiram Bingham, an American historian. Since then, Machu Picchu has become an important tourist attraction. It has recently come to light that the site may have been discovered and raided several years previously, in 1867 by a German businessman, Augusto Berns.It was declared a Peruvian Historical Sanctuary in 1981 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. It is also one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

Machu Picchu was built in the classical Inca style, with polished dry-stone walls. Its primary buildings are the Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, and the Room of the Three Windows. These are located in what is known by archaeologists as the Sacred District of Machu Picchu. In September of 2007, Peru and Yale University reached an agreement regarding the return of artifacts which Hiram Bingham had removed from Machu Picchu in the early 20th century. Currently, there are concerns about the impact of tourism on the site as it reached 400,000 visitors in 2003.







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